Cannot connect to wifi, but can connect through wire

Today in the afternoon I started experiencing a strange problem with wifi connection on my laptop (in the morning it was still working fine). The problem is that I am not able to connect to internet via wifi, but connecting directly via cable works fine.

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I have checked whether the problem appears also on my Ubuntu system that I have installed on the same laptop, which worked without problems, so I think that the wifi card in my computer is OK and that the settings on my router are fine too. Also, I get no problems when connecting from my Android phone or form any other laptop/device that I have at home, so I suspect that the problem is somewhere in my Windows configuration...

I have tried rebooting several times, then I tried reinstalling my wifi adapter driver (as suggested at Can't connect to Internet through WiFi, but can with cable and I've got my new driver from https://www.atheros.cz/getfile.php) and I have also tried restoring Windows to some previous configuration (as suggested in one of the comments under that question), but none of this really helped me.

I have also reviewed Event Viewer on Windows where I found several errors (mostly from today, but also several moths old) of type 1001 and 1002 like this:

Your computer was not assigned an address from the network (by the DHCP Server) for the Network Card with network address 0x5CAC4C7763F2. The following error occurred: 0x79. Your computer will continue to try and obtain an address on its own from the network address (DHCP) server.

The IP address lease 10.0.0.51 for the Network Card with network address 0x5CAC4C7763F2 has been denied by the DHCP server 192.168.1.1 (The DHCP Server sent a DHCPNACK message).

But I am not sure whether these relate to my wifi connection problems...

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One thing I noticed though is, that when I boot my computer after shutdown, the wifi won't obviously connect, but then when I turn the wireless adapter off (from Network and Sharing Center/Change adapter settings), then wait until my laptop connects to internet via cable and then turn the wireless adapter back on, I am able to get the connection. However I consider this only as a temporary workaround, since I can't drag the UTP cable with me everywhere I go ...

Does anybody have any suggestions on how to fix this problem ?

================================================================================== My configuration:
Wifi Card: Atheros AR5B97 Wireless Network Adapter
OS: Windows 7 64-bit
laptop: Acer Aspire Timelinex 5820tg


Since you can see other networks, it's not the card itself or its driver, so the wireless profile itself is busted. Change the name of your wireless network and attach to the new name, or delete the old profile (which has a lower success rate than the renaming procedure due to quirks of Windows, happy, happy, joy, joy).