Windows 10 network stack is truncating TCP packets
I do not expect to have a network issue, because the captures with Wireshark have the '}'.
I suspect a bug in the antivirus or in a browser plugin.
Notes from poster: This ended up being a bug w/ ESET's Endpoint Antivirus suite - specifically a feature called "ESET Web access protection". For now, re-configuring this feature to exclude internal traffic has solved the issue.