Python argparse - Add argument to multiple subparsers

My script defines one main parser and multiple subparsers. I want to apply the -p argument to some subparsers. So far the code looks like this:

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="myProg")
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title="actions")

parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose",
                    action="store_true",
                    dest="VERBOSE",
                    help="run in verbose mode")

parser_create = subparsers.add_parser ("create", 
                                        help = "create the orbix environment")
parser_create.add_argument ("-p", 
                            type = int, 
                            required = True, 
                            help = "set db parameter")

# Update
parser_update = subparsers.add_parser ("update", 
                                        help = "update the orbix environment")
parser_update.add_argument ("-p", 
                            type = int, 
                            required = True, 
                            help = "set db parameter")

As you can see the add_arument ("-p") is repeated twice. I actually have a lot more subparsers. Is there a way to loop through the existing subparsers in order to avoid repetition?

For the record, I am using Python 2.7

Solution 1:

This can be achieved by defining a parent parser containing the common option(s):

import argparse

parent_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="The parent parser")
parent_parser.add_argument("-p", type=int, required=True,
                           help="set db parameter")
subparsers = parent_parser.add_subparsers(title="actions")
parser_create = subparsers.add_parser("create", parents=[parent_parser],
                                      add_help=False,
                                      description="The create parser",
                                      help="create the orbix environment")
parser_create.add_argument("--name", help="name of the environment")
parser_update = subparsers.add_parser("update", parents=[parent_parser],
                                      add_help=False,
                                      description="The update parser",
                                      help="update the orbix environment")

This produces help messages of the format:

parent_parser.print_help()

Output:

usage: main.py [-h] -p P {create,update} ...
The parent parser
optional arguments:
  -h, --help       show this help message and exit
  -p P             set db parameter
actions:
  {create,update}
    create         create the orbix environment
    update         update the orbix environment

parser_create.print_help()

Output:

usage: main.py create [-h] -p P [--name NAME] {create,update} ...
The create parser
optional arguments:
  -h, --help       show this help message and exit
  -p P             set db parameter
  --name NAME      name of the environment
actions:
  {create,update}
    create         create the orbix environment
    update         update the orbix environment

However, if you run your program, you will not encounter an error if you do not specify an action (i.e. create or update). If you desire this behavior, modify your code as follows.

<...>
subparsers = parent_parser.add_subparsers(title="actions")
subparsers.required = True
subparsers.dest = 'command'
<...>

This fix was brought up in this SO question which refers to an issue tracking a pull request.

update by @hpaulj

Due to changes in handling subparsers since 2011, it is a bad idea to use the main parser as a parent. More generally, don't try to define the same argument (same dest) in both main and sub parsers. The subparser values will overwrite anything set by the main (even the subparser default does this). Create separate parser(s) to use as parents. And as shown in the documentation, parents should use add_help=False.

Solution 2:

The accepted answer is correct; the proper way is to use parent parsers. However, the example code IMO was not really solving the problem. Let me add my few cents to provide a more suitable example.

The main difference with accepted answer is the explicit possibility to have some root-level arguments (like --verbose) as well as shared arguments only for some subparsers (-p only for the create and update subparsers but not for others)

# Same main parser as usual
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

# Usual arguments which are applicable for the whole script / top-level args
parser.add_argument('--verbose', help='Common top-level parameter',
                    action='store_true', required=False)

# Same subparsers as usual
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='Desired action to perform', dest='action')

# Usual subparsers not using common options
parser_other = subparsers.add_parser("extra-action", help='Do something without db')

# Create parent subparser. Note `add_help=False` and creation via `argparse.`
parent_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
parent_parser.add_argument('-p', help='add db parameter', required=True)

# Subparsers based on parent

parser_create = subparsers.add_parser("create", parents=[parent_parser],
                                      help='Create something')
# Add some arguments exclusively for parser_create

parser_update = subparsers.add_parser("update", parents=[parent_parser],
                                      help='Update something')
# Add some arguments exclusively for parser_update 

This is the top-level help message (note that -p parameter is not shown here, which is exactly what you would expect—because it is specific to some subparsers):

>>> parser.print_help()
usage: [-h] [--verbose] {extra-action,create,update} ...

positional arguments:
  {extra-action,create,update}
                        Desired action to perform
    extra-action        Do something without db
    create              Create something
    update              Update something

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --verbose             Common top-level parameter

And the help message for the create action:

>>> parser_create.print_help()
usage:  create [-h] -p P

optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
  -p P        add db parameter