AWS EC2, Nginx SSL Issue
Solution 1:
Your nginx configuration doesn't show any redirects on port 443, and you claim not to have a load balancer in front of nginx, so the only other place the redirect could be coming from is ... your application.
I see that you are running the app on https, but you have not told Rails about this. In particular, your nginx configuration is missing:
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
I suspect that your app knows its own intended URL and is trying to redirect to it, since the URL that it thinks came in is not canonical.
Add this in and see if the redirects stop.