How to use DNS/Hostnames or Other ways to resolve to a specific IP:Port

This is a Canonical Question about DNS/Hostnames resolution to IPs/Ports

Example 1

I'm running a web server on port 80 and another on port 87. I would like to use DNS so that www.example.com goes to port 87. How can I accomplish this using DNS only?

Example 2

I'm running a service on my server on a non-standard port. How can I get clients to connect to this non-standard port automatically? Can I use DNS? Is there some application specific support where DNS could indicate the IP and Port?

Example 3

Do some application protocols specifically support hostname awareness, and allow special actions to be taken based on this information? Are there other questions on Server Fault that cover some of these?

_{Commandeering: This question was originally asking about running IIS and Apache on the same server, but the same concepts can be applied to any server software receiving connections from clients. The Answers below describe the technical problems and solutions of using DNS and application protocol support to assign a port number for a client to connect.}

Solution 1:

You cannot use the DNS to point to a port (unless the client supports SRV records, most don't).

Websites and Protocols with Host Headers

You will have to put some front-end method in place to do this. Typically you would use a front end web server or a dedicated proxy software to forward the connection from port 80 to port !80 based on the name of the server being requested in the header. Some firewalls can also forward based on the host header too.

SRV Records

Some clients support lookups of SRV records which indicate hostname and port number of server for the specified service (ie the user specifies "example.com", the client looks up a SRV record and gets "server101.example.com" on port "255"; then connects to that). Some clients also implement this where it is not required (my last smartphone would lookup the SRV records when setting up a new e-mail account for example).

Unfortunately support for SRV records is highly uncommon. Only a few notable protocols mandate it's support (Jabber/XMPP, Kerberos, LDAP, SIP) and not every client supports it even when mandated.

Solution 2:

When you type http://www.domain.com into your browser, it is understood that the HTTP port is on 80. Therefore, there is no direct way to point www.domain.com to port 87 if you already have a service running on that port in IIS.

That being said, there are a few "workarounds".

Just use http://www.domain.com:87/ - this will connect to port 87 (apache) on your server.
You can set up a redirect, so that http://www.domain.com/apache will forward (or proxy, if you want to get fancy) to www.domain.com:87.
You can set up a "VirtualHost" so that www.domain2.com will still be on port 80, shared with www.domain.com. You can not set this up without modifying IIS.

Sam is right, DNS is agnostic when it comes to ports. Any sort of port redirection happens by the service that is running on that port. Therefore you would need to do something with IIS to make this happen, if you have no choice but to leave it on port 80.

I've also gotten around your situation by using mod_proxy on Apache, not sure if there is a way to do this with IIS.

Solution 3:

I'm afraid domain names can only be associated with an IP address and not a port.

Most web servers e.g. (Apache, IIS etc.) do allow you to have two domains hosted on the same IP address by using the fact that web requests contain a host-header field that identifies the domain in the request itself.

If you say what the web server is that you are using I'm sure people can point you to the relevant documentation to set up your server as you wish