..can stop the equipment work/working/from working?
The correct answer is from functioning.
The overheating can stop the equipment from functioning.
"To stop something from doing something" means "to prevent" or "to restrain" (see meaning 6 in this dictionary entry).
If the equipment were the subject, you wouldn't need from, and the word stop would mean cease
The equipment may stop
fromfunctioning from overheating.