On a puppet node, how do I see a list of resources?
You can see that on the client node in the resources.txt file.
See: https://docs.puppetlabs.com/references/latest/configuration.html#resourcefile
It's located at $statedir/resources.txt so usually at /var/lib/puppet/state/resources.txt or /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/cache/state/resources.txt