One single cron job not running

Your problem is using sudo in your script. Cron can never enter your sudo password.

I notice you use sh to invoke the cronjob however sh is a subset of bash and might not be able to execute your cronjob. Also running the task manually is not necessarily the same as running it by cron. Please change sh to bash in the cronjob and see what happens.

The errormessage about MTA that you see in the logfile means you have no Mail Transfer Agent installed, meaning you don't have software installed to send mail messages. Cron tries to send mail messages to inform you about something. It might be an errormessage about the failing cronjob.