Error: No space left on device when starting/stopping services only
Solution 1:
After much debugging I found the answer in another SE answer over at unix.SE.
It turns out that this error was triggered because there were too few watchers for inotify. In my case, this problem was not logged in any error log anywhere in the system.
Simply editing the file /etc/sysctl.conf adding:
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 262144
...and then running sysctl -p solved the problem.