Query to check each element in a list against a column in an BigQuery table and select a record if none of the item is present from that list

Consider below approach

select *
from (
  select column_name, 
    array(
      select word
      from unnest(split(column_name, ' ')) word
      left join unnest(arr) phrase
      group by word
      having countif(regexp_contains(phrase, word)) = 0
    ) items_not_present_in_lists
  from (
    select *, array (
        select phrase from phrases 
        where regexp_contains(column_name, phrase)
      ) arr
    from your_table
  )
)
where array_length(items_not_present_in_lists) > 0

if applied to sample data in your question - output is

I was using below dummy data for testing/playing with (so you can too)

with your_table as (
  select 'foo' column_name union all 
  select 'foo1 bar foobar' union all 
  select 'foobar foo2 bar1' union all 
  select 'bar foo1' union all 
  select 'baz foobar' union all 
  select 'etc' 
), phrases as (
  select phrase
  from unnest(['foo', 'bar', 'foo1 bar', 'foobar', 'foo2 bar1', 'foo1 foobar', 'foo foo1 foo2', 'etc']) phrase
)