How to parse this date in java?

Use a ZonedDateTime.

ZonedDateTime t = ZonedDateTime.parse("2022-01-19T18:14:17+03:00");

This uses the default zone you are in (only the offset +03:00 is given. toString is the inverse operation.

The format shown is that of an OffsetDateTime, which needs some time zone, a (default) time zone ID, to have a full ZonedDateTime. Note that an OffsetDateTime is incomplete without the time zone. It migh be used to indicate a latitude on earth, but the local clocks might provide several differing times. Normally choose a ZonedDateTime.

The format of the input is the ISO standard with T for time.

This means you do not need a DateTimeFormatter.

If you need to use the obsolete old Date:

Date date = Date.fromInstant(t.toInstant());