change color of text, image and background on hover

Add a filter to the image only:

.hello {
  background-color: #eeeeee;
  color: #4171af;
  font-size: 20px
}

.hello:hover {
  background-color: #4171af;
  color: white;
}

.hello:hover img {
  filter: brightness(150%);
}
<div class="hello"><img src="https://i.ibb.co/HBbfCGF/play.png">bouton</div>