What does a double caret in Sage do?
Sage math uses a single caret (^) for exponentiation, unlike Python which uses it for XOR.
I'm studying a file crypto.sage which has a double caret:
assert p^^q == x
What does that do?
Solution 1:
This is the bitwise xor operator like ^ in python:
# Sage
sage: 3^^2
1
# Python
>>> 3^2
1
For exponentiation:
# Sage
sage: 2^8
256
# Python
>>> 2**8
256
| Sage | Python | |
|---|---|---|
| Exponential | ^ | ** |
| Bitwise XOR | ^^ | ^ |