Looking to check if string contains date using JS

Just to be simple, you could use split.

var date = "test->1/22/2022";
let arr = date.split('->')[1].split('/')
console.log(arr[2]+arr[0]+arr[1]+"0".repeat(6))

This looks like a job for Regular Expressions!

date.matchAll(/(\d{1,2}\/\d{1,2}\/\d{4})/g);

Then you can use the Date object to convert it however you like:

let date = "test->1/22/2022",
    matches = date.matchAll(/(\d{1,2}\/\d{1,2}\/\d{4})/g);

for (let val of matches) {
    let valDate = new Date(val[0]),
        month = valDate.getMonth() + 1,
        day = valDate.getDate(),
        dateStr = ''
            + valDate.getFullYear()
            + (month < 10 ? '0' + month : month)
            + (day < 10 ? '0' + day : day)
            + '000000';
        
    console.log(dateStr);
}