System locks up when disk I/O is saturated
Solution 1:
I have had the same issue on my laptop, which has a fairly slow disk system as compared to the remainder of the computer.
I was able to make this much better, by changing the scheduling algorithm used for disk transfers. By default Ubuntu uses Deadline, but I find my system responds more quickly when I use cfq.
To see what scheduler you are using, issue the command
cat /sys/class/block/sda/queue/scheduler
To do a one-time change (until reboot) issue the command
echo cfq | sudo tee /sys/class/block/sda/queue/scheduler
Note that it is important that the change be made to whatever it is that you have for your external hard drive; Mine usually loads up as sdb. so I would issue the command echo cfq | sudo tee /sys/class/block/sdb/queue/scheduler
I make my change permanent for all drives attached to my computer, by adding the kernel parameter elevator=cfq
in my grub file, which looks like this:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash noautogroup elevator=cfq"