The clearest most succinct answer I could find is:

  • How To See PC Startup And Shutdown History In Windows

which lists these event ids to monitor (quoted but edited and reformatted from article):

  • Event ID 6005 (alternate): “The event log service was started.” This is synonymous to system startup.
  • Event ID 6006 (alternate): “The event log service was stopped.” This is synonymous to system shutdown.
  • Event ID 6008 (alternate): "The previous system shutdown was unexpected." Records that the system started after it was not shut down properly.
  • Event ID 6009 (alternate): Indicates the Windows product name, version, build number, service pack number, and operating system type detected at boot time.
  • Event ID 6013: Displays the uptime of the computer. There is no TechNet page for this id.

Add to that a couple more from the Server Fault answers listed in my OP:

  • Event ID 1074 (alternate): "The process X has initiated the restart / shutdown of computer on behalf of user Y for the following reason: Z." Indicates that an application or a user initiated a restart or shutdown.
  • Event ID 1076 (alternate): "The reason supplied by user X for the last unexpected shutdown of this computer is: Y." Records when the first user with shutdown privileges logs on to the computer after an unexpected restart or shutdown and supplies a reason for the occurrence.

Did I miss any?


Turning @user10082 comment into an answer. The proposed solution is a one-liner, as Powershell script:

Get-EventLog -LogName System |? {$_.EventID -in (6005,6006,6008,6009,1074,1076)} | ft TimeGenerated,EventId,Message -AutoSize –wrap

Here is the output:

TimeGenerated         EventID Message
-------------         ------- -------
5/30/2021 11:23:16 AM    6005 The Event log service was started.
5/30/2021 11:23:16 AM    6009 Microsoft (R) Windows (R) 10.00. 19042  Multiprocessor Free.
5/30/2021 11:23:16 AM    6008 The previous system shutdown at 18:35:45 on ‎24/‎05/‎2021 was unexpected.
5/24/2021 11:55:45 AM    6005 The Event log service was started.
5/24/2021 11:55:45 AM    6009 Microsoft (R) Windows (R) 10.00. 19042  Multiprocessor Free.
5/24/2021 11:55:31 AM    6006 The Event log service was stopped.
5/24/2021 11:55:27 AM    1074 The process C:\Windows\system32\SystemSettingsAdminFlows.exe (DESKTOP) has
                              initiated the restart of computer DESKTOP on behalf of user DESKTOP\User
                              for the following reason: Other (Unplanned)
                               Reason Code: 0x0
                               Shutdown Type: restart
                               Comment: