Meaning of "desk warrior"
Solution 1:
Desk warrior is a similar phrase to desk jockey, a mildly dismissive term for someone working in a faceless office job. It is an ironic usage, as warrior and jockey evoke more active or glamorous occupations, although desk jockey was probably originally a play on disc jockey. Other slang terms for office workers include corporate drones, cubicle rats, or office monkeys.
There are many connotations to draw; depending on the context, an office worker may be
- a mere "cog in the machine," a forgettable or ignorable part of a giant heartless machine
- someone who working in administration as opposed to "real" work in the field, e.g. a hospital director as opposed to a surgeon, a university provost as opposed to a professor, or a soldier or police officer assigned to work in the office
- a bureaucrat, someone who insists on routines and procedures at the expense of the "big picture"
or something else.
Solution 2:
I've never heard that particular phrase before, but based on the context it appears to be a clever twist on road warrior.
A road warrior is a corporate employee who spends a lot of time on the road traveling. Desk warrior would be, by extension, a corporate employee who spends a lot of time at their desk.
Generally road warriors are not a very envied position, but urban dictionary reports that the term road warrior is sometimes used "...to glamorize, romanticize and/or rationalize their lonely profession..." It seems like the author is using the term in this context.
In a nutshell - if the students do well on their exams they get a prestigious position as a "high-flying bureaucrat or desk warrior", but if they fail their exams they are relegated to a lesser position.
Solution 3:
The use of desk as an adjective, modifying a more "glamorous" noun, is sometimes used to describe those who spend most of their working day behind a desk. Such terminology is often used to deride or sympathize with the one who is tied to the desk, instead of where the action is.
In addition to desk warrior, I've also seen desk pilot (particularly common in flying squadons), and desk jockey (which this Ngram says is most common of the three).
But when are you going to get it through your bureaucratic heads that I am a scientist? A field man, not a damned desk pilot! (Ian Douglas)