Does clearing a vector affect its capacity?

I instantiate an std::vector foo(1000).

foo.size() is now 1000 and foo.capacity() is also 1000.

If I clear the vector with foo.clear(), the size() is now 0, but what is the capacity()? Does the standard say anything about that?

No, it doesn't. The capacity of a vector never decreases. That isn't mandated by the standard but it's so both in standard library implementations of VC++ and g++. In order to set the capacity just enough to fit the size, use the famous swap trick

vector<T>().swap(foo);

In C++11 standard, you can do it more explicitly:

foo.shrink_to_fit();

To clear a vector and consume as little capacity as possible, use the swap trick:

std::vector<T>().swap(foo);

This creates an empty vector, swaps its internals with foo, and then destroys the temporary vector, getting rid of the elements that once belonged to foo and leaving foo as if it was freshly created.

The standard does not say anything about the effect of clear on capacity.