The simplest way to comma-delimit a list?
What is the clearest way to comma-delimit a list in Java?
I know several ways of doing it, but I'm wondering what the best way is (where "best" means clearest and/or shortest, not the most efficient.
I have a list and I want to loop over it, printing each value. I want to print a comma between each item, but not after the last one (nor before the first one).
List --> Item ( , Item ) *
List --> ( Item , ) * Item
Sample solution 1:
boolean isFirst = true;
for (Item i : list) {
if (isFirst) {
System.out.print(i); // no comma
isFirst = false;
} else {
System.out.print(", "+i); // comma
}
}
Sample solution 2 - create a sublist:
if (list.size()>0) {
System.out.print(list.get(0)); // no comma
List theRest = list.subList(1, list.size());
for (Item i : theRest) {
System.out.print(", "+i); // comma
}
}
Sample solution 3:
Iterator<Item> i = list.iterator();
if (i.hasNext()) {
System.out.print(i.next());
while (i.hasNext())
System.out.print(", "+i.next());
}
These treat the first item specially; one could instead treat the last one specially.
Incidentally, here is how List
toString
is implemented (it's inherited from AbstractCollection
), in Java 1.6:
public String toString() {
Iterator<E> i = iterator();
if (! i.hasNext())
return "[]";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append('[');
for (;;) {
E e = i.next();
sb.append(e == this ? "(this Collection)" : e);
if (! i.hasNext())
return sb.append(']').toString();
sb.append(", ");
}
}
It exits the loop early to avoid the comma after the last item. BTW: this is the first time I recall seeing "(this Collection)"; here's code to provoke it:
List l = new LinkedList();
l.add(l);
System.out.println(l);
I welcome any solution, even if they use unexpected libraries (regexp?); and also solutions in languages other than Java (e.g. I think Python/Ruby have an intersperse function - how is that implemented?).
Clarification: by libraries, I mean the standard Java libraries. For other libraries, I consider them with other languages, and interested to know how they're implemented.
EDIT toolkit mentioned a similar question: Last iteration of enhanced for loop in java
And another: Does the last element in a loop deserve a separate treatment?
Java 8 and later
Using StringJoiner
class, and forEach
method :
StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",");
list.forEach(item -> joiner.add(item.toString());
return joiner.toString();
Using Stream
, and Collectors
:
return list.stream().
map(Object::toString).
collect(Collectors.joining(",")).toString();
Java 7 and earlier
See also #285523
String delim = "";
for (Item i : list) {
sb.append(delim).append(i);
delim = ",";
}
org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.join(list,",");