If $A$ and $B$ are positive-definite matrices, is $AB$ positive-definite?

EDIT: Changed example to use strictly positive definite $A$ and $B$.

To complement the nice answers above, here is a simple explicit counterexample:

$$A=\begin{bmatrix}2 & -1\\\\ -1 & 2\end{bmatrix},\qquad B = \begin{bmatrix}10 & 3\\\\ 3 & 1\end{bmatrix}. $$ Matrix $A$ has eigenvalues (1,3), while $B$ has eigenvalues (0.09, 10).

Then, we have $$AB = \begin{bmatrix} 17 & 5\\\\ -4 & -1\end{bmatrix}$$

Now, pick vector $x=[0\ \ 1]^T$, which shows that $x^T(AB)x = -1$, so $AB$ is not positive definite.

In general no, because for Hermitian $A$ and $B$, $(AB)^* = AB$ if and only if $A$ and $B$ commute. On the other hand, $ABA$ and $BAB$ can be proven to be positive definite.

$AB$ is not necessarily Hermitian (or symmetric).

As already noted, $AB$ is not necessarily Hermitian. However, the eigenvalues of $AB$ are all real and in fact positive. Let $\lambda$ be eigenvalue with associated eigenvector $\xi$. Then $AB\xi = \lambda \xi$ and multiplying from the left by $\xi^*B^*$ yields $\xi^*B^*AB\xi=\lambda \xi^*B^*\xi$ and so $\lambda = \frac{\xi^*B^*AB\xi}{\xi^*B^*\xi}$ which is positive since $B^*AB$ is positive-definite.