Quickly filter file types or folders in Windows 7
Solution 1:
The MSDN article on Advanced Query Syntax (AQS) has a nice summary on the available filter options.
The article does not mention an option to temporarily disable the index for searches (which makes sense since the article is related to searching indexed contents).
Solution 2:
My technique is to make sure the 'Type' column is available in Windows Explorer, then sort on that column.
You sometimes see a little box with file types if you click on the very word 'Type'.