How to revert initial git commit?
I commit to a git repository for the first time; I then regret the commit and want to revert it. I try
# git reset --hard HEAD~1
I get this message:
fatal: ambiguous argument 'HEAD~1': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.
This commit is the first commit of the repository. Any idea how to undo git's initial commit?
You just need to delete the branch you are on. You can't use git branch -D as this has a safety check against doing this. You can use update-ref to do this.
git update-ref -d HEAD
Do not use rm -rf .git or anything like this as this will completely wipe your entire repository including all other branches as well as the branch that you are trying to reset.
You can delete the HEAD and restore your repository to a new state, where you can create a new initial commit:
git update-ref -d HEAD
After you create a new commit, if you have already pushed to remote, you will need to force it to the remote in order to overwrite the previous initial commit:
git push --force origin
This question was linked from this blog post and an alternative solution was proposed for the newer versions of Git:
git branch -m master old_master
git checkout --orphan master
git branch -D old_master
This solution assumes that:
- You have only one commit on your
masterbranch - There is no branch called
old_masterso I'm free to use that name
It will rename the existing branch to old_master and create a new, orphaned, branch master (like it is created for new repositories) after which you can freely delete old_master... or not. Up to you.
Note: Moving or copying a git branch preserves its reflog (see this code) while deleting and then creating a new branch destroys it. Since you want to get back to the original state with no history you probably want to delete the branch, but others may want to consider this small note.
Under the conditions stipulated in the question:
- The commit is the first commit in the repository.
- Which means there have been very few commands executed:
- a
git init, - presumably some
git addoperations, - and a
git commit, - and that's all!
- a
If those preconditions are met, then the simplest way to undo the initial commit would be:
rm -fr .git
from the directory where you did git init. You can then redo the git init to recreate the Git repository, and redo the additions with whatever changes are sensible that you regretted not making the first time, and redo the initial commit.
DANGER! This removes the Git repository directory.
It removes the Git repository directory permanently and irrecoverably, unless you've got backups somewhere. Under the preconditions, you've nothing you want to keep in the repository, so you're not losing anything. All the files you added are still available in the working directories, assuming you have not modified them yet and have not deleted them, etc. However, doing this is safe only if you have nothing else in your repository at all. Under the circumstances described in the question 'commit repository first time — then regret it', it is safe. Very often, though, it is not safe.
It's also safe to do this to remove an unwanted cloned repository; it does no damage to the repository that it was cloned from. It throws away anything you've done in your copy, but doesn't affect the original repository otherwise.
Be careful, but it is safe and effective when the preconditions are met.
If you've done other things with your repository that you want preserved, then this is not the appropriate technique — your repository no longer meets the preconditions for this to be appropriate.
I will throw in what worked for me in the end. I needed to remove the initial commit on a repository as quarantined data had been misplaced, the commit had already been pushed.
Make sure you are are currently on the right branch.
git checkout master
git update-ref -d HEAD
git commit -m "Initial commit
git push -u origin master
This was able to resolve the problem.
Important
This was on an internal repository which was not publicly accessible, if your repository was publicly accessible please assume anything you need to revert has already been pulled down by someone else.