Ubuntu won't start, emergency mode

Solution was simple problem was that Windows has that new type of shutdown (hibernate) so my HDD was still mounted in windows so Ubuntu couldn't load partitions.

Solution is simple and if you have this problem you can do next in Windows :

1. Right click on desktop, New->Shortcut
2. In new window type: shutdown /s /t 0
3. Click Next and type any name you wish
4. Double click on that icon and your Windows will fully shutdown and you will be able to run Ubuntu.

I thought I would throw another solution here as well.

I had the exact same problem. The problem is caused by a feature in windows 10 called 'fast startup' that is turned on by default. It sets some hibernation variables that confuse Ubuntu. So the answer is to turn it off.

1. In control panel (icons view) select 'Power Options'.
2. In the left menu select 'Choose what the power buttons do'.
3. Near the top of the screen select 'Change settings that are currently unavailable' (Might prompt for admin access).
4. Scroll to the section labeled 'shutdown settings' and deselect the 'Turn on fast startup (recommended)' checkbox.
5. Save changes and the problem should disappear.

This worked for me, hopefully it will also work for anybody else who finds this thread.