Are there any special English words describing indexed items which are displayed first word last?

Solution 1:

In general, it's index style, but there are many different implementations.

For example, there could be a book out there somewhere with consecutive index entries for "Goose, Golden, The", and "Goose, Girl, The" - it all depends on which "keywords" are most important in the context of the particular publication.

The process of determining your keywords, and re-arranging the words in each entry to ensure the important ones come first, is called Alphabetization

Incidentally, Golden Goose, The - is far less common than Goose That Laid the Golden Egg, The.

Solution 2:

It can be called 'keyword-first'. In your example, the initial The is moved to the end so that the really significant word now comes first and therefore the entry will appear in the sorted index at the appropriate place (rather than under 'The').

Both baseball and teams are keywords (words you would want to lookup, which is what an index is for), so baseball teams appears twice: as it is, as well as rearranged on the kwd teams.