What are the origins of the character names in Bioshock?

Yes, it's well-documented on the BioShock wiki (from Rosie to Rapture to Sander Cohen—too many to list here). The Ayn Rand connection is also noted by the devs.1 2 Though it should be said that BioShock makes a poor showing of objectivism, the worldview associated with Atlas Shrugged.