Safari keywords?
Solution 1:
I understand this is an older thread, but for the next person who comes along, I recommend taking a look at Safari Keyword Search. It is a Safari extension that adds exactly what you are looking for.
Solution 2:
I don't know if this is what you're looking, but this feature exists on Alfred. It's also on the Mac App Store. And did I mention it's free?
It's basically a spotlight replacement with a few twists. With it, you can set custom searches for any site you want:
The main advantage is that you can search from anywhere you want, you don't have to be on Safari.
Solution 3:
Alfred, or another app launcher is a great option.
However, if you want to do this without hopping to another application, you can use a text expansion utility. That way, you type wp
and it converts to http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=
. Then, you just have to type in your query and hit enter. This can be done with 10.6's built-in text replacement tool.
Go to the Language and Text System Preferences pane. Choose the Text tab. Click the plus button to create your new substitution rule.
Solution 4:
SafariStand is a SIMBL plugin has this feature. They call it QuickSearch.
For your Wikipedia example (which I also use) you would add this search:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/@key
Solution 5:
Omnikey, an extension for Safari does exactly this.