How do I increase the volume beyond 100% in Kubuntu?
Left click on the KMix plasmoid then on "Configure Channels" button:
In the "General" section of the widget settings check "Volume Overdrive" checkbox.
im not to familair with KDE but, you could try using the alsamixer program in the terminal
KDE's volume manager now (~ version 5.17) has an option to "Raise Maximum volume", this allows volume above 100%, till 150%. In few of the earlier versions, configuration of of the same had a "Maximum volume" field.