The time before place mantra [duplicate]

You can bring more or less anything to the front of a sentence to give it prominence, so your examples are not the best way to illustrate a fairly solid "rule" in English, namely that time usually occupies the last position. [This is the opposite of what you seem to have learned.] So, we would normally say:

• I went to the bank yesterday.
• She usually dines at home on Sundays.
• We are planning to visit Prague next week.

not:

• I went yesterday to the bank.
• She usually dines on Sundays at home.
• We are planning to visit next week Prague.

If you add manner into the mix, you have a fairly solid rule: manner - place - time:

• I walked leisurely along the beach all day yesterday.
• She played very well in the chess tournament last night.

I'm not aware of any such rule. And I don't see any particular sense to it. I'd arrange such clauses in the order that provides the desired emphasis.

"Yesterday in the park I met Alice."

"In the park yesterday I met Alice."

I can't think of any formulation where it doesn't work both ways. I have no idea where your teacher got this rule. Maybe there's another piece to the puzzle, some specific category of cases where it applies, rather than the general case?

Frankly I'm hoping someone else can offer some interpretation of this rule that is valid. Because I don't get it.