Chrome not working on a remote desktop connection

This is a guess, but maybe it has to do with GPU acceleration not working over RDP. Can you try adding the --disable-gpu flag after chrome.exe in the shortcut?

Or maybe turning off GPU related items in chrome://flags/?

Thanks for the correct answer, Louis, here are some more hints:

Starting Chrome with the --disable-gpu option works for me. To do so, create a shortcut with the following target:

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --disable-gpu

Turning off the use of graphic acceleration in chrome://flags didn't work for me.

Also, make sure that you untick "Let Google Chrome run in the background" in the taskbar. Otherwise the --disable-gpu option is useless.