Why are Noetherian Rings important?

The answer to this question (which I have also asked myself at various times) might also be a "No". Maybe Noetherian rings aren't that important after all, and their perceived ubiquity is a meme in commutative-algebraic literature?

Let me quote a paragraph from the Foreword of the (so far unfinished) translation of Commutative algebra -- Constructive methods by Henri Lombardi and Claude Quitté (the French version, Algèbre Commutative, Méthodes constructives, is available from Calvage & Mounet, and some additions can be found on http://hlombardi.free.fr/publis/LivresBrochures.html ). I hope the authors don't mind this.

Finally, let us mention two striking traits of this work compared to classical works on commutative algebra.

The first is to have left Noetherianity on the backburner. Experience shows that indeed Noetherianity is often too strong an assumption, which hides the true algorithmic nature of things. For example, such a theorem usually stated for Noetherian rings and finitely generated modules, when its proof is examined to extract an algorithm, turns out to be a theorem on coherent rings and finitely presented modules. The usual theorem is but a corollary of the right theorem, but with two nonconstructive arguments allowing to deduce coherence and finite presentation from Noetherianity and finite generation in classical mathematics. A proof in the more satisfying framework of coherence and finitely presented modules is often already published in research articles, although rarely in an entirely constructive form, but “the right statement” is generally missing in the reference works.

I certainly endorse such a position as a constructivist, as a noncommutative algebraist and as a combinatorialist. (Most advantages of the concept of Noetherianity crumble into dust when one crosses the boundaries of commutative algebra into either direction.)

The ring of integers, Dedekind domains, and a host of other rings from number theory and ideal theory that are Noetherian all evidence that they simply show up "in nature" a lot.

Algebraic geometers care a great deal about polynomial rings $\Bbb F[x_1,\dots x_n]$ over fields, which are Noetherian. In a nice case like $\Bbb F=\Bbb C$, the resulting connection between the Noetherianness of the ring and the Noetherianness of topologies on algebraic varieties allows decompositions of the varieties. You might also be familiar with primary decomposition, which is possible in Noetherian rings.

Noetherianness is also nicely stable over a lot of ring constructions. For a commutative Noetherian ring $R$:

• $R[X]$ and $R[[X]]$ are Noetherian
• the localization $R_S$ at a multiplicative set $S$ is Noetherian
• the $I$-adic completion of $R$ at an ideal $I$ is Noetherian

Neither of the first two work very well for Artinian rings. $F[x]$ is not Artinian at all even though $F$ is, and localization doesn't work because in Artinian rings you only have units and zero divisors: zero divisors are not good for multiplicative sets, and units are already invertible.

Noetherianness also can be applied well to domains. Many commutative Noetherian domains are of interest in number theory and ideal theory, but people who study Artinian domains are called "field theorists" for obvious reasons.

Another thing is that commutative Noetherian rings have the DCC on prime ideals. Commutative artinian rings are much more restrictive: the prime ideals are all maximal.

Noncommutative Noetherian rings are interesting too, but I don't think I can do justice to them here. I would recommend Goodearl and Warfield's An introduction to noncommutative Noetherian rings for an awesome account of those.

One final distant connection: I remember being struck when someone first mentioned "the axiom of regularity implies that set membership is a Noetherian relation." At that point, I started thinking that the Noetherian condition is really something special.