How do I get the pillars to rotate in Geirmund's Hall?

The sad / obvious fix to a non-rotating pillar will be to reload a previous save. You aren't alone in experiencing this glitch.

(There are some spoilers in that thread but are hid nicely as Spoilers)

From the UESP wiki's "Skyrim Puzzle Totems - Bugs" article:

A common bug is that the ... the door may not open after the correct combination is set. Possible fixes are:

• Save and then immediately load that save.
• Load either the auto-save from the entrance, or a save from before you entered.
• Exit the location, save, and load that save.
• "Reset" the door by selecting the right combination... Do this until the correct combination re-appears and try again.
• (On Xbox 360) Clear the hard drive cache.