Which logs should I pay attention to?

There are many logs in /var/log/ For a standard home installation, which ones should I be checking regularly?

Each log serves it's own purpose. It really depends on what you're trying to check for. Some common ones are outlined below:

• /var/log/auth.log - Information pertaining to authentication - including sudo/su activity
• /var/log/boot.log - All information during the booting process
• /var/log/crond.log - Information from cron daemon
• /var/log/messages - Typical dumping point for messages not regarding the system
• /var/log/pm-suspend.log - Logged during the Power management suspend function
• /var/log/user.log - Information from all userlevels
• /var/log/syslog - This organizes output from different softwares and is a "general log"
• /var/log/kern.log - Information being logged from the kernel

There are additional logs - like the apache2 folder, mysql.log/mysql.err, and others. These are all software specific - if you don't have apache2 installed, you won't have the log files for it. The only time you would want to check logs is when an issue arises - most of the time though it'll be okay to let them sit in the dark.

I would argue that for a standard home installation, there is no need for you to be checking any logs regularly. Though they may be helpful in diagnosing a problem or filing a bug report.

Also, you can just use the command "dmesg" to see the kernel messages (same as /var/log/kern.log) This usually tells me quickly what is (if anything) going wrong with the system