What is the origin/meaning of the term "color" in corporate earnings calls?
Solution 1:
I don't think the use of color in your examples has to do with finance, per se, but rather the word is being used in its sense of interesting and elucidating details, examples, anecdotes, etc., and perhaps even visual aids.
color (n.)
Features that lend a particularly interesting quality to something; vivid, evocative detail added to a story, description, etc. Cf. local colour n. at local adj. and n.
1988 New Scientist 29 Oct. 67/2 The sheer fascination of Hazen's story takes you through tedious minutiae and irrelevant ‘colour’ to the final denouement.
2010 Lima (Ohio) News (Nexis) 25 Mar. It certainly adds color to the story and we writer types do love our color. (OED)
I think we can gain some insight as to how this meaning arose by looking at the first citation for this sense in the OED:
1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 112 Lights and Shades, whose well-accorded Strife Gives all the Strength and Colour of our Life.
(Figuratively) Richness of expression; detail or flavour that is likely to generate interest or enjoyment.
There is a great deal of colour in his writing.
a bit of local color
Could you give me some color with regards to which products made up the mix of revenue for this quarter? Wiktionary
Adding color
Just because the stereotypical financial presentation is boring doesn't mean yours has to be dull. Yes, the data is dry. But you can use quips, quotes, and anecdotes to make it more interesting....
According to Les, the best place to add color is when you're discussing your company's products and markets. "People like to hear customer stories," says Les. Malcolm Kusher; Presentations for Dummies (2004)
Accounts by witnesses and others can add color and detail to crime, fire, and accident stories. W. Richard Whitaker et al., MediaWriting: Print, Broadcast, and Public Relations (2019)
Possibilities for adding "color" to any talk: anecdotes or stories (make these relevant to your topic!); historical information, including images autobiographical details (again, make them relevant quotations from from literary and/or scientific sources (use sparingly); cartoon (always check to see whether permission is needed); demonstration (use of props, drawing on blackboard, or simply using hands); multimedia (images that move, use of sound, video clips, etc.). Scott Montgomery; The Chicago Guide to Communicating Science (2003)
To add color (to a story) should not be confused with the meaning of the verb color as used in, e.g., to color (a story).
color (v.)
Transitive. To portray in a false light; to put an unfair or untrue interpretation on (words, facts, evidence, etc.); to misrepresent, falsify. (OED)
Of course we also have the color of money, but that's another story. :-)