Hyphenation in adverb-verb compounds [duplicate]

Adverbs that end in -ly should not be hyphenated with verbs, so this is incorrect:

A carefully-written document.

But it's very common to hyphenate adverbs like 'well' with verbs, so this appears correct:

A well-prepared student.

Now I have seen compounds that include 'most' hyphenated and I'm not sure whether it is appropriate:

Saffron is the most-substituted ingredients in this recipe.

This is one of the most-read books of 2021.

Question: is there a rule (or rule of thumb) to determine whether a hyphen is required in adverb-verb compounds?


A hyphen is used to join words so that the reader understands that they form a single unit. For example, a man eating shrimp is different from a man-eating shrimp. We typically don't hyphenate an adverb ending in "ly" because there is usually no question about what is being modified. "Most" is also an adverb (in addition to other parts of speech) and thus does not require a hyphen, although you may (and perhaps should) use one if there might be any ambiguity about what you intended. I don't see any ambiguity in the sentences you posted, so I would not hyphenate.