Word for Master Apprentice structure of a community

The only trades, crafts, or professions that are going to require apprenticeship are, I believe you will find, those licensed by government and requiring some kind of work experience by law or as a condition for taking a licensing exam.

In the U.S., this includes, in most states, the CPA and MD licenses, and in some states jobs as trivial as florist.

This sort of licensing is often an attempt to control entry by people already in the profession, although generally justified on public safety grounds.

Note, for example, licenses for school teachers but not college professors.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licensure