"Сделать на отъебись" in English [duplicate]
Your own term, makeshift, works here. The dictionary entry provides several examples. I've selected one that relates to the context you provided.
Makeshift adjective Acting as an interim and temporary measure. ‘About 109,000 people are living in makeshift shelters made from blue and white plastic sheeting.’ - ODO
jury-rigged (from jury-rig)
to erect, construct, or arrange in a makeshift fashion
also
to build or put together (a simple device or structure) using the materials that you have available
-Merriam-Webster
The term is originally from a nautical context to describe a temporary fix, but has come into wider use for any type of make-shift contrivance or repair.
Slapdash:
(adv.) in a hasty, haphazard manner: He assembled the motor slapdash.
(adj.) hasty and careless; offhand: a slapdash answer. (Dictionary.com)
This definition tacitly implies that the creation is not likely remain intact or of much use for long.
Slapdash combines slap and dash:
slap is to put or place promptly and sometimes haphazardly (Dictionary.com #7).
dash is to do something quickly or roughly (Dictionary.com #4 and #10).
In UK English we have the word Bodge
VERB
[WITH OBJECT] British informal Make or repair (something) badly or clumsily. ‘the door was bodged together from old planks’
This generally implies a task which is done hastily or inelegantly but is at least barely adequate. This doesn't necessarily imply that the person doing the task is incompetent but that they didn't have the time, resources or inclination to do anything better.
The word comes from the traditional craft of the Bodging, making tools and furniture from unseasoned wood, especially items turned on a pole lathe. The sense here is that the items were made cheaply and quickly rather than badly as such.
Note that this is distinct from botched which does imply that a task was carried out incompetently.
Alternatively the word hasty can be use as an adjective to describe something produced as quickly as possible. Saying you built a hasty shelter would certainly fit what you have in mind.