What's the grammatical or linguistic term for general, non-specific words? [closed]
What's the term for general, non-specific words, like:
and, is, the, of, in, on, or, this, that...
I mean the words which don't specify the content subject-matter of a sentence, but which rather provide general structural support.
For example, in this sentence:
"Consider the latest transportation vehicle to claim its move to solar energy, namely, the watercraft and tanker industries."
The following words might be considered content or subject-matter:
transportation, vehicle, claim, move, solar, energy, watercraft, tanker, industries
The remainder provide structure and meaning:
the, to, its, and
Where can I find a complete list of such words?
They're called Function words. In English function words include: articles, prepositions, pronouns, interjections, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, determiners, question words (how, when, where, what) etc. You can find more function words here
From Damp Squid: The English Language Laid Bare:
a, as, not, and so forth don't convey much meaning compared with meatier words like people, child, good. They don't point to anything in the real world, or suggest ideas, but act as the glue holding together other words which have greater information content. Because they are devoid of conventional meaning content (sic), the eminent Victorian grammarian Henry Sweet christened them ‘empty words’, and also ‘form words’: they are words in form only. ‘Empty words’ are also called ‘grammatical’ or ‘function’ words—their function being to hold conversation or writing together grammatically. Their opposite numbers are ‘full words’, ‘content words’, or ‘lexical words’.
However, “low-value” is an extremely loaded and subjective way of putting it. It’s estimated that the ten words the, be, to, and, of, a, in, that, have, and I make up a quarter of everything written in the English language. Think about that: 25% of text in the English language is the same ten words. By “low-value” do you mean “absolutely essential to communication”?
I'm not sure if this is what you're looking for, but I do work in Natural Language Processing (applying AI to language) and there we call them "stop words". Essentially, words that are filtered out before textual analysis takes place.