Adding static route through group policy
According to some documentation I found,
Routes added by using the -p option are stored in the registry under the following key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip \Parameters\PersistentRoutes
Perhaps you could just use Group Policy Preferences to set the appropriate entries directly in the registry?
I had the exact same problem, and my solution was the easiest "if not silliest" thing you can think of.
All I had to do to make the script work using Group Policy was to add entire command inside quotes ("), so the command route add 172.17.10.0 mask 255.255.0.0 172.16.12.100 -p should be "route add 172.17.10.0 mask 255.255.0.0 172.16.12.100 -p"
Agree with joeqwerty comment about fixing the subnet or the network ID.