Get thumbnail Uri/path of the image stored in sd card + android

You can use this to get the thumbnail:

Bitmap bitmap = MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.getThumbnail(
                             getContentResolver(), selectedImageUri,
                             MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.MINI_KIND,
                             (BitmapFactory.Options) null );

There are two types of thumbnails available:
MINI_KIND: 512 x 384 thumbnail
MICRO_KIND: 96 x 96 thumbnail

OR use [queryMiniThumbnails][1] with almost same parameters to get the path of the thumbnail.

EDIT

Cursor cursor = MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.queryMiniThumbnails(
                             getContentResolver(), selectedImageUri,
                             MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.MINI_KIND,
                             null );
if( cursor != null && cursor.getCount() > 0 ) {
     cursor.moveToFirst();//**EDIT**
     String uri = cursor.getString( cursor.getColumnIndex( MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.DATA ) );
}

HTH !

[1]: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/MediaStore.Images.Thumbnails.html#queryMiniThumbnails(android.content.ContentResolver, android.net.Uri, int, java.lang.String[])

This solution is work on me!

final int THUMBSIZE = 128;

Bitmap thumbImage = ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(
                         BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file.getAbsolutePath()), 
                         THUMBSIZE, 
                         THUMBSIZE);

It could be a alternative ways as other had already mentioned in their answer but Easy way i found to get thumbnail is using ExifInterface

ExifInterface exif = new ExifInterface(pictureFile.getPath());
byte[] imageData=exif.getThumbnail();
Bitmap  thumbnail= BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(imageData,0,imageData.length);