Drawing arrows on an HTML page to visualize semantic links between textual spans

Solution 1:

This captured my interest for long enough to produce a little test. The code is below, and you can see it in action

It lists all the spans on the page (might want to restrict that to just those with ids starting with T if that is suitable), and uses the 'ids' attribute to build the list of links. Using a canvas element behind the spans, it draws arc arrows alternately above and below the spans for each source span.

<script type="application/x-javascript"> 

function generateNodeSet() {
  var spans = document.getElementsByTagName("span");
  var retarr = [];
  for(var i=0;i<spans.length; i++) { 
     retarr[retarr.length] = spans[i].id; 
  } 
  return retarr; 
} 

function generateLinks(nodeIds) { 
  var retarr = []; 
  for(var i=0; i<nodeIds.length; i++) { 
    var id = nodeIds[i];
    var span = document.getElementById(id); 
    var atts = span.attributes; 
    var ids_str = false; 
    if((atts.getNamedItem) && (atts.getNamedItem('ids'))) { 
      ids_str = atts.getNamedItem('ids').value; 
    } 
    if(ids_str) { 
      retarr[id] = ids_str.split(" ");
    }
  } 
  return retarr; 
} 
    
// degrees to radians, because most people think in degrees
function degToRad(angle_degrees) {
   return angle_degrees/180*Math.PI;
}
// draw a horizontal arc
//   ctx: canvas context;
//   inax: first x point
//   inbx: second x point
//   y: y value of start and end
//   alpha_degrees: (tangential) angle of start and end
//   upside: true for arc above y, false for arc below y.
function drawHorizArc(ctx, inax, inbx, y, alpha_degrees, upside)
{
  var alpha = degToRad(alpha_degrees);
  var startangle = (upside ? ((3.0/2.0)*Math.PI + alpha) : ((1.0/2.0)*Math.PI - alpha));
  var endangle = (upside ? ((3.0/2.0)*Math.PI - alpha) : ((1.0/2.0)*Math.PI + alpha));

  var ax=Math.min(inax,inbx);
  var bx=Math.max(inax,inbx);

  // tan(alpha) = o/a = ((bx-ax)/2) / o
  // o = ((bx-ax)/2/tan(alpha))
  // centre of circle is (bx+ax)/2, y-o
  var circleyoffset = ((bx-ax)/2)/Math.tan(alpha);
  var circlex = (ax+bx)/2.0;
  var circley = y + (upside ? 1 : -1) * circleyoffset;
  var radius = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(circlex-ax,2) + Math.pow(circley-y,2));

  ctx.beginPath();
  if(upside) {
      ctx.moveTo(bx,y);
    ctx.arc(circlex,circley,radius,startangle,endangle,1);
  } else {
    ctx.moveTo(bx,y);
    ctx.arc(circlex,circley,radius,startangle,endangle,0);
  }
  ctx.stroke();
}


// draw the head of an arrow (not the main line)
//  ctx: canvas context
//  x,y: coords of arrow point
//  angle_from_north_clockwise: angle of the line of the arrow from horizontal
//  upside: true=above the horizontal, false=below
//  barb_angle: angle between barb and line of the arrow
//  filled: fill the triangle? (true or false)
function drawArrowHead(ctx, x, y, angle_from_horizontal_degrees, upside, //mandatory
                       barb_length, barb_angle_degrees, filled) {        //optional
   (barb_length==undefined) && (barb_length=13);
   (barb_angle_degrees==undefined) && (barb_angle_degrees = 20);
   (filled==undefined) && (filled=true);
   var alpha_degrees = (upside ? -1 : 1) * angle_from_horizontal_degrees; 
  
   //first point is end of one barb
   var plus = degToRad(alpha_degrees - barb_angle_degrees);
   a = x + (barb_length * Math.cos(plus));
   b = y + (barb_length * Math.sin(plus));
   
   //final point is end of the second barb
   var minus = degToRad(alpha_degrees + barb_angle_degrees);
   c = x + (barb_length * Math.cos(minus));
   d = y + (barb_length * Math.sin(minus));

   ctx.beginPath();
   ctx.moveTo(a,b);
   ctx.lineTo(x,y);
   ctx.lineTo(c,d);
   if(filled) {
    ctx.fill();
   } else {
    ctx.stroke();
   }
   return true;
}

// draw a horizontal arcing arrow
//  ctx: canvas context
//  inax: start x value
//  inbx: end x value
//  y: y value
//  alpha_degrees: angle of ends to horizontal (30=shallow, >90=silly)
function drawHorizArcArrow(ctx, inax, inbx, y,                 //mandatory
                           alpha_degrees, upside, barb_length) { //optional
   (alpha_degrees==undefined) && (alpha_degrees=45);
   (upside==undefined) && (upside=true);
   drawHorizArc(ctx, inax, inbx, y, alpha_degrees, upside);
   if(inax>inbx) { 
    drawArrowHead(ctx, inbx, y, alpha_degrees*0.9, upside, barb_length); 
   } else { 
    drawArrowHead(ctx, inbx, y, (180-alpha_degrees*0.9), upside, barb_length); 
   }
   return true;
}


function drawArrow(ctx,fromelem,toelem,    //mandatory
                     above, angle) {        //optional
  (above==undefined) && (above = true);
  (angle==undefined) && (angle = 45); //degrees 
  midfrom = fromelem.offsetLeft + (fromelem.offsetWidth / 2) - left - tofromseparation/2; 
  midto   =   toelem.offsetLeft + (  toelem.offsetWidth / 2) - left + tofromseparation/2;
  //var y = above ? (fromelem.offsetTop - top) : (fromelem.offsetTop + fromelem.offsetHeight - top);
  var y = fromelem.offsetTop + (above ? 0 : fromelem.offsetHeight) - canvasTop;
  drawHorizArcArrow(ctx, midfrom, midto, y, angle, above);
}

    var canvasTop = 0;
function draw() { 
  var canvasdiv = document.getElementById("canvas");
  var spanboxdiv = document.getElementById("spanbox");
  var ctx = canvasdiv.getContext("2d");

  nodeset = generateNodeSet(); 
  linkset = generateLinks(nodeset);
  tofromseparation = 20;

  left = canvasdiv.offsetLeft - spanboxdiv.offsetLeft;
  canvasTop = canvasdiv.offsetTop - spanboxdiv.offsetTop; 
  for(var key in linkset) {  
    for (var i=0; i<linkset[key].length; i++) {  
      fromid = key; 
      toid = linkset[key][i]; 
      var above = (i%2==1);
      drawArrow(ctx,document.getElementById(fromid),document.getElementById(toid),above);
    } 
  } 
} 

</script> 

And you just need a call somewhere to the draw() function:

<body onload="draw();"> 

Then a canvas behind the set of spans.

<canvas style='border:1px solid red' id="canvas" width="800" height="7em"></canvas><br /> 
<div id="spanbox" style='float:left; position:absolute; top:75px; left:50px'>
<span id="T2">p50</span>
...
<span id="T3">p65</span> 
...
<span id="T34" ids="T2 T3">recruitment</span>
</div> 

Future modifications, as far as I can see:

• Flattening the top of longer arrows
• Refactoring to be able to draw non-horizontal arrows: add a new canvas for each?
• Use a better routine to get the total offsets of the canvas and span elements.

[Edit Dec 2011: Fixed, thanks @Palo]

Hope that's as useful as it was fun.

Solution 2:

You have a couple options: svg or canvas.

From the looks of it you don't need these arrows to have any particular mathematical form, you just need them to go between elements.

Try WireIt. Have a look at this WireIt Demo (which has been deprecated). It uses a canvas tag for each individual wire between the floating dialog divs, then sizes and positions each canvas element to give the appearance of a connecting line at just the right spot. You may have to implement an additional rotating arrowhead, unless you don't mind the arrows coming in to each element at the same angle.

Edit: the demo has been deprecated.

Edit: Ignore this answer, @Phil H nailed it