Pronunciation of "automata" [closed]
It's au-TOM-ah-tah, the plural of automaton (au-TOM-ah-ton - proper pronunciation here) but not to be confused with automation (au-to-MAY-tion).
I have no idea why the difference exists. However, I note that it's similar to the difference in better known words robot (RO-bot) and robotics (ro-BOT-ics).
Hopefully someone who has more familiarity with formal pronunciation notation and / or etymology can help fill in the gaps.
The OED’s entry gives the pronunciation of automaton as:
Brit. /ɔːˈtɒmət(ə)n/, U.S. /ɔˈtɑməd(ə)n/, /ɑˈtɑməd(ə)n/, /ɔːˈtɑməˌtɑn/, /ɑˈtɑməˌtɑn/.
Looks like there’s plenty to choose from there! ☺ My own is /ɔːˈtɒməˌtɑn/ in the singular, and of course /-ə/ in the plural. (I don’t have the cot–caught merger.)
The notes under the etymology are particulary copious:
Etymology: < classical Latin automatum automatic contrivance and its etymon ancient Greek αὐτόματον marionette, use as noun of neuter of αὐτόματος (adjective) acting of itself, spontaneous, (of plants) growing by themselves, (of events) happening by themselves < αὐτό‑ auto‑ comb. form¹ + ‑ματος < the same Indo‐European base as Sanskrit mata thought, considered, classical Latin ‑mentus (in commentus feigned), Lithuanian mintas trodden, stamped, representing a participial formation < the Indo‐European base of ancient Greek μέμονα (see i‑mind n.. Compare automa n., automate n., autom n.
Compare the following slightly earlier attestation of ancient Greek αὐτόματον in an English context:
- 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. T8ᵛ, The picture of a Gentlewoman, whose eies were contriued‥, that they moued vp and down of themselues,‥done by a vice which the Grecians call αὐτόματον.
The Greek noun was also borrowed into other European languages, in some of these indirectly (via Latin or another language). Compare e.g. French automate automate n., Spanish autómato (1582), (now usually) autómata (1729), Portuguese autômato (1712), Italian automa, †automato (see automa n.), Dutch automaat (1813; earlier with Greek or Latin endings: †automata, plural (1552), †automaton (1558), †automatum (1769)), German Automat automat n.
In plural form automata after the Greek and Latin plural forms. The plural forms automata and automatons coexist in modern English. Attempts to establish semantic guidelines for the use of the two plural forms are rare in modern usage guides; apparently the only such attempt is made in R. W. Burchfield New Fowler’s Mod. Eng. Usage (ed. 3, 1998) 79/2, which states (echoing earlier statements in various editions of H.W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage): ‘The plural is automata when used collectively, otherwise (much less commonly) automatons’. Several usage guides merely comment that the ‑s plural is more common, or that the plural form automata belongs to the learned register. Corpus evidence suggests that the ‑s plural is especially frequent in the transferred sense 3c.
CITATION
automaton, n.
Third edition, June 2011; online version December 2011. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/13474; accessed 19 January 2012. An entry for this word was first included in New English Dictionary, 1885.
The OED’s ‘transferred sense 3c’ referenced above is the one about somebody acting like a machine, and corresponds to the RAE’s sense 3. The OED also admits a sense 4 from the field of Computing.
For the record, the RAE entry for autómata confirms that the current Spanish spelling, autómata, is not just masculine (just like all the other -ata words of Greek derivation in Spanish), but also singular. So Spanish este autómata is singular where English these automata is plural, as all students of finite automata know. The Spanish plural would be estos autómatas, oddly enough, which risks sounding like a double-plural to the English ear. English finite automata translates to los autómatas finitos in Spanish.