How can I exclude attachment content when searching in Outlook 2010?

By default Outlook searches all items in the folder. You can refine your search by using advanced options on the Search tab (appears when you click in the search box).

Clicking the More button gives you specific fields to search in.

Even faster, if you know the name of the field you can type it directly into the search box; i.e. subject:foo content:foo. This will only search the fields you specify. FYI, content is the body of the message. There are no spaces between the field, the : and the search term. Place a single space between multiple fields to be searched (like the image below).