Is there a word that means to multiply by 1.5, or to increase by 50%?

Solution 1:

It doesn’t exist, but you could try inventing something like

sesquible

Some would quibble, but the prefix sesqui means one-and-a-half, and is used in compound names in chemistry.

Indeed, some have quibbled and suggested the more elegant:

sesquify

or

sesquate

I leave it to the classical scholars and genuine linguists to decide which is preferable.