OED reports finding 'toe' as a variant spelling of 'tow' in the 17th and 18th centuries. The two words are also often homophones in both UK and US English.

The 'toe' in "fire and toe" from Marthy's comment in No Quittin' Sense is more likely a transcription error based on homophony than a variant spelling of 'tow': No Quittin' Sense is the "author's life story, based on tape recordings of his own narrative, and written down in book form by A. M. Holland" (description at entry for book on Internet Archive).

tow, n.1
....
2. a. The fibre of flax, hemp, or jute prepared for spinning by some process of scutching.

This 'tow' (still commonly appearing as part of the compound 'towheaded', that is, white-blond), is highly flammable, and as such the word was paired with 'fire' in now obsolete "allusive expressions ... as an example of two things that should not be brought into proximity" with the general meaning "to do or say something that may cause trouble, controversy, or upset" (OED, fire n, P4b).

Exegesis of Marthy's comment about Miss Tish ("She's all fire and toe, ain't she?") is, of course, not appropriate here; the general meaning, however, that Miss Tish is liable "to do or say something that may cause trouble, controversy, or upset", remains clear.

OED first attests the figure 'fire and tow' with a quote from a work by Chaucer composed around 1395, and the etymology of 'tow' (n.1, op. cit.) notes that the word is not known before the "last quarter of [the] 14th cent." I have not found any earlier instances. Widespread (but not common) use of the figure in fiction and newspaper reporting continues into the early 20th century.


The phrase is much older than I suspected:

Change of Cheare, OR A Banquet of Jests. (Anonymous 1634 fifth edition) p125

"One seeing a fellow warming his feet by a hot Sea-coale fire: My friend saith he, what doe you mean to put Fire and Toe together."

and from "Matrimonial customs, or, The various ceremonies and divers ways of celebrating weddings practised amongst all the nations in the whole world done out of French. *The Third Treatise. Of Nuptial Rites, or Ceremonies, of Marriages practised amongst Ido∣laters and Pagans.* by Louis de Gaya. (1687)

She also ordained that Women should go with naked Neck and Breasts, to the end that, exposing a Samplar of their Wares, they might the sooner allure Customers. The Men of that Country are very shy in their matching, and very fearful lest they should light upon a Crack-piece; for, to say the Truth, their Maids are generally all Fire and Toe.

From the above, and other sources, to be all fire and toe: seems to mean to be "hot-headed"; given to high emotion and dramatic action. Probably a reference to the torture of burning the feet and the agitated reaction that this caused.


I discovered a newspaper reference to the expression in 1967. The Daily Banner,Greencastle, Putnam County, 15 March 1967 - Andrew (Old Hickory) Jackson was a man all fire-and-toe, a harsh and tireless soldier and politician, a circuit judge who demanded one time that a drunken rowdy come down from a tree or “by the eternal” a bullet would find his heart.