Meaning of draft

The following is an excerpt from a book:

The article “Poll Finds Most Oppose return to Draft, wouldn’t encourage Children to enlist” (Associated Press, December 18, 2005) reports that in a random sample of 1,000 American adults, 430 answered yes to the following question: “If the military draft were reinstated, would you favor drafting women as well as men?” The data were used to test H0: p=0.5 versus Ha:p<0.5, and the null hypothesis was rejected.

What's the meaning of the word draft in this context?

In US English, the noun 'draft' can mean 'government scheme of conscription for military service'. When the draft was in operation, all males over 18 had to register with the government, and could be made to report for enrolment in the military armed services. It is also a verb:

3. VERB [usually passive]
   If you are drafted, you are ordered to serve in the armed forces, usually for a limited period of time. [mainly US]

Draft (Collins Dictionary)