Does $n \mid 2^{2^n+1}+1$ imply $n \mid 2^{2^{2^n+1}+1}+1$?
My computer found the counterexample $n=520809$.
Interestingly $520809=57\times9137$, but I couldn't find any neat "explanation" for that, nor a natural way that $520809$ would appear.
Other few counterexample are $2343441, 15622617, 15622617...$ Indeed, one can show that there are infinitely many of then since if $n$ works, $f(n)$ also works (since $a|b \Leftrightarrow f(a)|f(b)$)
In case anyone is interested in my python code:
def factor(n): #Factors n, and returns a list with its factors (possibly repeated) in increasing order k=2 v=[] while n>1: if n%k==0: v.append(k) n=n/k else: k=k+1 if k*k>n: v.append(n) return v def phi(n): #Calculates the totient function using the prime factorization v=factor(n) prod=1 a=1 for b in v: if b==a: prod*=b else: prod*=b-1 a=b return prod def f2(n): # Calculates f(f(n)) mod n a=pow(2,n,phi(n))+1 return (pow(2,a,n)+1)%n def f3(n): # Calculates f(f(f(n))) mod n a=pow(2,n,phi(phi(n)))+1 b=pow(2,a,phi(n))+1 return (pow(2,b,n)+1)%n n=11 while 1: #Tries all odd n if f2(n)==0: if f3(n)!=0: print n break n=n+2