"Former England footballer husband David" - adjective association
In an article about the increased unprofitability of Victoria Beckham's fashion business the following appears :
The company is controlled by Mrs Beckham and her former England footballer husband David.
ITV - 27th November 2019
At first reading, I assumed that I had simply not noticed a celebrity divorce in my day to day news-reading. Then I wondered if he now played for Scotland. And I finished with a query about what sport David now participates in.
Or . . . . could he now be called John ?
Is there a term for this ambiguous attachment of an adjective that could well be associated with any of the four nouns that follow ?
The NP
her former England footballer husband David
comprises a smaller NP her former England footballer husband and two nominals former England footballer husband and David:
[NP [NPher [Nominalformer England footballer husband]] [NominalDavid]]
According to The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (Page 447) by Huddleston and Pullum, David is an appositive modifier that post-modifies the smaller NP.
The first nominal can be called a complex nominal, which a paper titled "Rethinking the Semantics of Complex Nominals" defines as follows:
a sequence of one or more nouns or adjectives preceding a head noun. Instances of such a construction include apple pie, information retrieval system, computer book sale, former political activist, etc.
As this Language Log post shows, the ambiguity of a complex nominal does not necessarily arise from having an adjective but from having a combination of multiple words including a head noun with or without one or more adjectives.
So the term you're looking for may be 'complex nominal' itself.
For the intended interpretation of the complex nominal in the ITV article, the complex nominal should be figured out as follows:
[[former [England footballer]] husband]
Where England footballer and former England footballer are also complex nominals.