What determines my horse's sprint duration and speed?

Solution 1:

The duration of the gallop is governed by a horse's stamina. Regular horses have 106 points of stamina, Frost has 148 and Shadowmere has 198, allowing her to gallop for nearly twice as long as a regular horse, about 20 seconds.

The speed is governed by SpeedMult, which is 100 for all horses.

The rate of their recovery from exhaustion is governed by StaminaRate and StaminaRateMult, which are 10 and 100, respectively, for all horses, meaning that over lond distances Shadowmere will have galloped about as much as a regular horse.