When does a fused-head NP require a definite determiner?

In section 9.3 Fusion of internal modifier and head, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (Page 417) says:

(d) Modifiers denoting colour, provenance, and composition

[25] i Henrietta likes red shirts, and I like [blue].

ii Knut wanted the purple wallpaper, but I wanted [the mauve].

iii Henrietta likes Russian vodka, and I like [Polish].

iv Knut wanted the French caterers, but I wanted [the Italian].

v I prefer cotton shirts to [nylon].

vi Knut likes malt whisky, but I prefer [blended].

The NPs here are either bare or have a definite determiner;...

It seems that only [ii] and [iv] have 'the' in the bracket because only their preceding NPs have 'the' in 'the purple wallpaper' and 'the French caterers'.

If appropriate context is provided, can you put 'the' in other examples and remove 'the' in [ii] and [iv] as follows?

[25a] i Henrietta likes red shirts, and I like [the blue].

ii Knut wanted the purple wallpaper, but I wanted [mauve].

iii Henrietta likes Russian vodka, and I like [the Polish].

iv Knut wanted the French caterers, but I wanted [Italian].

v I prefer cotton shirts to [the nylon].

vi Knut likes malt whisky, but I prefer [the blended].

This answer is based on my own grammaticality judgements, not on any theory. Syntactically, it seems possible to either use the definite article or leave it out. The phrases have different meanings, just like "red shirts" and "the red shirts" are both syntactically valid noun phrases with different meanings. For many of the sentences you list, I can't imagine an "appropriate context" for switching around the definite article usage. If the article (or lack of it) sounds wrong in a version of the sentence where the noun is repeated, then it would I think also sound wrong in the version of the sentence with the "fused head NP" construction. Just see how the following sentences sound:

[25a] i Henrietta likes red shirts, and I like [the blue shirts].

This is technically a possible sentence, but in most contexts it would be very strange. It means that Henrietta likes "red shirts" (generic shirts of this type), while I like "the blue shirts" (some specific group of blue shirts). If you could say this, you could also say "...and I like the blue" in a context where you'd previously mentioned the blue shirts.

You could go through the same procedure for the rest of the sentences; e.g.

ii Knut wanted the purple wallpaper, but I wanted [mauve wallpaper]

doesn't actually seem that bad, in that it might be said when there is a specific purple wallpaper that Knut wants, but I don't have any specific mauve wallpaper in mind (I just know that I like mauve wallpaper in general). So likewise, "Knut wanted the purple wallpaper, but I wanted mauve" doesn't sound particularly odd to me.

I won't actually go through all the rest. The use of "the" or not is based on the meaning; in most cases, the appropriate article will be the same for the two phrases, but it isn't just a matter of mechanically copying the article of the preceding noun phrase.