What is the best word describing the nature of expiring in a short amount of time, connoting "losing public attention"?
I like the word fleeting for this:
: passing swiftly : TRANSITORY
// … the often fleeting nature of fame and fortune …
— Tom Sinclair
So:
In a fast-paced era, news articles are fleeting.
Of course, the referenced transitory would also work, depending on the style of speech to be conveyed.
I know there's an accepted answer, but another word that comes to mind (a synonym of fleeting) is ephemeral.
lasting a very short time
// ephemeral pleasures
One could use short-lived.
not living or lasting long
I think a better word for this would be evanescent:
evanescent adj
1. vanishing; fading away; fleeting.
2. tending to become imperceptible; scarcely perceptible.
Dictionary.com
Right on both counts.